In common usage, the terms preaching and teaching are often used interchangeably. However, there is an important difference between them. Each endeavor plays a unique role in evangelism and the spiritual maturation of believers. To fully appreciate the difference between preaching and teaching, it is helpful to examine the original Greek terms used in the New Testament, explore scriptural references, and understand how both preaching and teaching serve the mission of the Church.
The Greek Terms: Kēryssō and Didaskō
The Greek word for “preaching” is kēryssō, which refers to a public proclamation of Biblical truth. In the New Testament, the early Church proclaimed the gospel throughout the Roman Empire. This proclamation was intended to stir sinners to repentance. For instance, Jesus began His earthly ministry with the following charge: “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matthew 4:17, ESV). Repentance, then, is the goal of preaching.
On the other hand, the Greek term for “teach” is didaskō, which refers to systematically imparting knowledge and instruction. In the New Testament, teaching involves Biblical exposition to edify the body of Christ. A great example of this is found in the Book of Acts 2:42, which says, “They [the early Church] devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers” (ESV). The apostles shared the same teachings they had received from Jesus during His earthly ministry and post-resurrection appearances.
Scriptural Examples of Preaching and Teaching
The New Testament provides numerous examples of preaching and teaching. During Paul’s missionary trips, he preached and taught gospel truth. Acts 28:30–31 says, “He lived there two whole years at his own expense, and welcomed all who came to him, proclaiming the kingdom of God and teaching about the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness and without hindrance” (ESV). As Paul proclaimed (preached) about the kingdom of God, he also systematically taught about Christ’s life, death, and resurrection.
The Sermon on the Mount is a perfect example of teaching (Matthew 5—7). Jesus expounds on the law, offering insight into true righteousness that supersedes the self-righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees. Contrast this with Peter’s sermon at Pentecost, where he preaches about Jesus’ resurrection, urging everyone to repent and be baptized (Acts 2:38). Peter’s sermon is more about calling for repentance than Biblical exposition.
Distinctions in Local Church Contexts
In a local Church context, preaching is primarily aimed at conversion and repentance. It is often directed toward introducing non-believers to Christ or urging believers toward a deeper commitment to Him. Preaching is typically more dynamic and emotive, designed to elicit a response from the congregation.
In contrast, teaching focuses on discipleship and spiritual maturation, characterized by a more systematic, interactive, and explanatory approach. This is crucial for building up the Church, as believers must thoroughly understand their faith by applying Biblical truths to their daily lives. On the necessity of teaching, Paul says,
“He gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the shepherds and teachers, to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ, until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to mature manhood, to the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ” (Ephesians 4:11–13, ESV).
The Complementary Nature of Preaching and Teaching
While there are essential differences between preaching and teaching, the two are complementary. Effective ministry requires both. Preaching without teaching leads to an enthusiastic yet shallow faith, and teaching without preaching results in knowledgeable yet unmotivated believers. Therefore, both are necessary to build a Church that is both fervent in faith and mature in understanding.
Insights from the Bible
The Bible does not explicitly define or directly compare preaching versus teaching. However, we can glean some insights about the distinction between these two activities from how they are used in various passages:
1. Preaching and teaching are often mentioned as separate activities, indicating they are distinct:
“And Jesus went throughout all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom” (Matthew 9:35).
2. Preaching is frequently associated with a proclamation and announcing the gospel:
“And he went throughout all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom” (Matthew 4:23).
3. Teaching is often linked to instruction and explanation:
“And they devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers” (Acts 2:42).
4. Both activities are important for Church leaders:
“Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching” (1 Timothy 5:17).
Based on these passages, we can infer that in the Bible:
- Preaching tends to focus more on proclamation, especially the Gospel message.
- Teaching involves more systematic instruction and explanation of doctrine.
- Both activities are vital and complementary in the life of the Church.
It is important to note that while there are distinctions, these activities often overlap in practice. Many Biblical passages show Jesus and the apostles’ preaching and teaching as part of their ministry.
Preaching
Preaching is generally understood as the public proclamation of Biblical truths to elicit a response, such as repentance or a deeper commitment to faith. It is more dynamic and expressive, designed to inspire and motivate the congregation. The Greek term for preaching, *kēryssō*, emphasizes proclamation and calling for a response. For example, Jesus’ call to “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matthew 4:17) exemplifies preaching’s focus on urging immediate action.
Teaching
Conversely, teaching is more systematic and instructional, aimed at deepening understanding and fostering spiritual growth. The Greek term *didaskō* refers to imparting knowledge and explaining Biblical doctrines. Teaching is crucial for discipleship and spiritual maturation, as in Acts 2:42, where the early Church “devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching.” It involves a more interactive and explanatory approach, often suited for settings like Bible studies or classroom environments.
Practical Application in Church Services
In practice, Church leaders use both preaching and teaching to fulfill the mission of the Church:
- Preaching is often reserved for larger gatherings, such as Sunday services, where the goal is to inspire and call for a response from the congregation.
- Teaching is more common in smaller, more intimate settings, like Bible study groups, where the focus is on detailed exposition and discussion of Scripture.
Complementary Roles in Ministry
Effective ministry requires both preaching and teaching. Preaching without teaching can lead to enthusiastic but shallow faith while teaching without preaching can result in knowledgeable but unmotivated believers. Therefore, Church leaders strive to balance both activities to build a congregation that is fervent in faith and mature in understanding.
Integrating Preaching and Teaching in Services
Church leaders can determine when to use preaching versus teaching in a single service by considering the message’s purpose, audience, and desired outcome. Here are some key factors to guide their decision:
Purpose:
- Preaching aims to inspire, motivate, and call for a response such as repentance, commitment, or action. It is often used to proclaim the gospel and urge the congregation to make a personal decision or change.
- Teaching focuses on imparting knowledge, explaining Biblical truths, and fostering spiritual growth. It is more systematic and instructional, aimed at deepening the congregation’s understanding of Scripture.
Audience:
- Preaching is typically directed at a broader audience, including believers and non-believers. It is suitable for larger gatherings, such as Sunday services, where the goal is to reach a wide range of people and inspire them collectively.
- Teaching is often more appropriate for smaller, more intimate settings, such as Bible study groups or Sunday school classes, where interaction and detailed exposition are possible.
Desired Outcome:
Preaching seeks to elicit an immediate response from the audience, such as a commitment to follow Christ, a decision to repent, or a call to action. It is more emotive and persuasive, aiming to move the listeners’ will and emotions.
Teaching aims for long-term spiritual growth and understanding. It involves detailed explanation, discussion, and application of Biblical principles, helping the congregation to mature in their faith.
Combining Preaching and Teaching
In a single service, a Church leader might blend preaching and teaching to achieve a balanced approach. For example:
Start with Teaching: Begin with a detailed exposition of Scripture, explaining the historical context, doctrinal points, and practical applications. This will set a solid foundation of understanding.
- Transition to Preaching: Move towards a more dynamic and emotive proclamation, urging the congregation to respond to the truths they have just learned. This could involve a call to repentance, a challenge to live out their faith, or an encouragement to apply the teachings in their daily lives.
Example from Jesus’ Ministry
Jesus often combined both preaching and teaching in His ministry. For instance:
Teaching: In the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5—7), Jesus systematically taught about the kingdom of God and provided detailed instructions on righteous living.
- Preaching: In His proclamation, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matthew 4:17), Jesus called for an immediate response from His listeners.
Conclusion
By understanding the distinct roles and purposes of preaching and teaching, Church leaders can effectively use both to fulfill the mission of the Church, ensuring that the congregation is both inspired and well-instructed. Preaching and teaching, while distinct, are complementary activities that together build a vibrant church in faith and mature in understanding. The scripture provides numerous examples and insights into these roles, highlighting their importance and interdependence in the life of the Church.
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